DOCTORAL PROGRAM
Doctoral students must successfully complete two language examinations in fields relevant to their field of study. For practical and intellectual reasons, however, some fields require more than two languages. Even so, students in these fields are required to pass only two examinations.
Required and Recommended Languages
An asterisk after German in the list below indicates that successful completion of the proficiency examination in German is required for that field.
Ancient Greece: Greek, Latin, German*, and present-day language of the geographic region(s) under study.
Ancient Rome: Latin, German*, and present-day language of the geographic region(s) under study
Eastern Medieval/Early Christian-Byzantine: Greek, German*, and the present-day language of the geographic region(s) under study
Medieval: Latin, German*, and present-day language of the geographic region(s) under study
Northern and Italian Renaissance and Baroque: German* and present-day language of the geographic region(s) under study; Latin strongly recommended
Modern: Two languages relevant to field of study
African: Two languages relevant to the field of study. One of these must be an African language
Asian: Two languages relevant to the field of study, chose from Chinese, Japanese, Tibetan, Hindi (or any other relevant modern South Asian language, such as Bengali, Gujarati); the second language will be determined by the area of research, i.e. classical Chinese, classical Japanese, Sanskrit, Chinese translation of Buddhist sutras.
